Investing For Value

Tips E-47: A 1-minute summary of my fundamental analysis of CyberArk Software Ltd (NASDAQ CYBR)   Investment Thesis CyberArk had already begun an operational turnaround, but returns remained depressed by acquisitions and equity expansion. The acquisition by Palo Alto effectively brings forward several years of execution, allowing shareholders to realize value immediately while retaining exposure to future synergies through the stock component. Main Business CyberArk is a leading identity-security specialist built around recurring subscription and privileged access management solutions. The company secures human and machine identities across cloud, hybrid and on-premise environments.  Growth The identity-security market is expanding at low- to mid-teen rates, yet CyberArk achieved a 22.5% revenue CAGR over the past decade. Growth was supported not only by favorable industry trends but also by acquisitions. Profitability Margins suffered after 2019 as CyberArk shif...

Value Investing Case Study 131-1: A fundamental analysis of Press Metal Aluminium Holdings Berhad to assess whether it is an investment opportunity.      Press Metal has evolved from a regional aluminium extruder into Southeast Asia's leading integrated aluminium producer through upstream integration, low-cost renewable hydropower, higher-value products and continuous operational improvements. One of the biggest mistakes investors make when analysing cyclical companies is judging them based on a single year's results. Aluminium prices rise and fall with the global economy, causing revenue and profits to fluctuate. The challenge is separating temporary cyclical swings from genuine improvements in the underlying business. Press Metal’s revenue experienced cyclical dips in both 2019 and 2023, yet over the decade it still grew at a double-digit CAGR. Even more surprising, profits grew much faster than revenue - not because aluminium prices kept rising, but because man...

Tips  E-46: A 1-minute summary of my fundamental analysis of SiTime Corporation (NASDAQ)  Investment Thesis Since its 2019 IPO, SiTime has expanded from oscillators into a broader timing platform and appears to be taking market share through sticky design wins and switching costs. However, profits have proven elusive, and the current share price assumes execution far beyond what the company has historically demonstrated. Main Business SiTime is a fabless provider of MEMS-based timing products that compete with traditional quartz solutions. Its competitive advantages stem from patents, customer embeddedness, long product life cycles and a programmable fabless manufacturing model. Growth While the timing-device market is expected to grow at only mid-single-digit rates, SiTime achieved a 19% revenue CAGR from 2019 to 2024 despite a sharp cyclical decline in 2023. Growth has been largely organic, driven by design wins, richer product mix and portfolio expansion. Profitability...

This is Chapter 16 of my book Mastering Value Investing: Practical Strategies for Real-World Results . Go there for links to the other chapters. Most investors assume that valuing a company requires forecasting years of changing growth rates, margins and cash flows. In reality, many mature businesses can be valued using a much simpler approach. This chapter introduces a practical framework for identifying businesses that are stable enough to be valued using a single-stage model rather than a complex multi-stage forecast.  Instead of relying on endless projections, the approach begins by asking four fundamental questions: Are growth, profitability, reinvestment and risk likely to remain reasonably stable? If the answer is yes, a far simpler valuation model may produce results that are just as reliable. Using a real company as a case study, the chapter explains how to determine whether a business has reached this "steady-state" stage, and why normalized performance ofte...

Tips E-45: A 1-minute summary of my fundamental analysis of Amkor Technology (NASDAQ: AMKR)       Investment Thesis Amkor is well positioned for semiconductor growth, but value creation remains constrained by persistent margin pressures. The company benefits from exposure to AI, 5G, and automotive electronics and has delivered strong revenue and earnings growth. However, through-cycle returns have generally remained below its cost of capital, suggesting limited shareholder value creation despite sound operations. Main Business Amkor is a pure-play OSAT provider focused on packaging and testing semiconductor devices worldwide. Growth Revenue grew at a 9.1% CAGR from 2015 to 2024 despite industry cyclicality. Growth was supported by successful transitions from mobile devices to automotive, computing, AI, and 5G applications, demonstrating the company's ability to evolve with customer requirements. Profitability Profit growth was driven more by scale and fixed-c...